Mulungushi University Multidisciplinary Journal (MUMJ) operates under a gold open-access model, meaning:

• No fees are charged to readers; all articles are freely accessible online upon publication without embargo.
• Authors are required to pay article processing charges (APCs) to cover publication costs (details available on the journal website).
• Authors retain copyright.

Work published in the MUMJ is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, for non-commercial purposes only, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source. Commercial use is not permitted without additional permission.