Resilience and adaptability: current chisungu practices in selected communities in Zambia

Abstract

This paper explores contemporary practices of the chisungu female initiation ceremony in Zambia, focusing on selected communities in Kabwe, Lusaka, and Petauke. Employing qualitative methods, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions, the study engages traditional counsellors, women who have undergone initiation, church leaders, and church groups. Contrary to predictions of extinction, the research reveals that traditional teachings for girls and women persist in contemporary society. However, the findings present a nuanced picture of complexity. While chisungu ceremonies are still practiced, their prevalence has significantly diminished compared to the past. Where the ceremonies are still practiced, the research found that the practice of chisungu is influenced at individual and family level by various factors, including social class and religious orientation.  The study also brought to the fore the fact that teachings have also adapted to contemporary concerns, incorporating education on issues such as HIV/AIDS.  As such, the study sheds light on the resilience of chisungu in the face of changing societal dynamics. Hence, while acknowledging a decline in prevalence, the enduring significance of chisungu lies in its adaptability to contemporary issues. This is an adaptability that reflects an ongoing cultural evolution that balances tradition with evolving social norms and health considerations.