Optimizing BIM adoption and utilization among Small and Medium Construction Enterprises in Luapula Province, Zambia

Abstract

Zambia’s construction sector is a key driver of economic growth, with Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) playing a crucial role in infrastructure delivery. However, the sector faces persistent challenges, including low productivity and frequent project delays. Building Information Modelling (BIM) offers a promising solution through improved planning, coordination, and lifecycle efficiency, yet its adoption among SMEs remains limited, especially in regions like Luapula Province. This study examines the feasibility of BIM adoption and identifies strategies to enhance its effective use among SMEs in Luapula’s construction sector. Data were collected via structured questionnaires targeting industry professionals to assess BIM awareness, usage patterns, adoption barriers, training needs, and organizational readiness. Results indicate that while BIM tools such as ArchiCAD are widely recognized, there is limited awareness of national policies and frameworks supporting their implementation. BIM is primarily utilized during the design and pre-construction phases, appreciated for boosting efficiency and client satisfaction, but remains underused in execution and post-construction stages. Key barriers include a shortage of skilled personnel, lack of industry standards, and minimal government support. The study also highlights strong demand for structured training to close existing capacity gaps. The findings underscore the under-utilization of BIM among SMEs in Luapula Province and point to the need for coordinated policies, targeted training, and phased integration strategies to support broader BIM adoption and accelerate the digital transformation of Zambia’s construction industry.